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 Geography & Climate
Located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Syria historically has been known as the gateway between these continents –most evident in its importance on the Silk Road. Such a prosperous location inevitably made it a battle ground for centuries as various factions including the Egyptian, Roman and Ottoman empires struggled for its control.
Syria covers an area of 185,180 sq. km (71,548 sq. mi.), making it slightly larger than the state of North Dakota. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan and Palestine to the south, and Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west –with its southern tip, the Golan Heights, occupied by Israel since 1967.
Thousands of discoveries are to be made in this geographically rich land whose diverse topography ranges from semi-arid areas, to luscious-green mountains, to sandy beaches. Originating in the mountains of Turkey, the beautiful Euphrates River is the most predominant water source in Syria and is vital to agricultural cultivation.
Syria enjoys a Mediterranean climate where all four seasons are clearly witnessed. High temperatures are to be expected in the summer; however, cool winds keep the mountainous regions such as Slunfeh, Mashta al Helou, and Bloudan popular escapes amidst the heat. Snow in the winter, a crisp fall, and a blooming spring are also norms.
Average Monthly Temperature for Damascus in Centigrade:
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Cities
Damascus: Known as the oldest continually inhabited city in the world, Damascus is the capital and largest city in Syria. It is home for all government offices, as well as robust economic activity and plenty of touristic attractions. Damascus has been selected as the Cultural Capital of the Middle East for 2008.
Aleppo: Historically famous for its trading routes and merchants, Aleppo stands as Syria’s second largest city. With its majestic citadel sitting at its heart and its renowned old covered markets, or souqs, Aleppo is considered a gem for historians and tourists alike.
Homs: As Syria’s third largest city, a key site in this historic region is the tomb of one of Islam’s greatest leaders, Khaled Ibn Al-Waleed.
Lattakia: Known for its elaborate beach resorts, Lattakia is the fourth largest city in Syria, as well as the largest port city. Sitting on the banks of the Mediterranean with its white-sandy beaches and sidewalk coffee shops, Lattakia is a primary spot for vacationers.
Click on the links to learn more about other major cities also including Hama, Tartous, Deir El-Zour, Hasaka, Raqqa, Sweida.
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The President 